Carrington rotations
Convert a date to its Carrington rotation number and back, and browse rotation start and end times.
CR 4224
| Start | March 21, 2169 at 10:50 AM UTC |
|---|---|
| End | April 17, 2169 at 05:45 PM UTC |
| Length (days) | 27.29 |
Neighbouring rotations
| CR | Start | End | Length (days) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4219 | November 4, 2168 at 07:36 PM UTC | December 2, 2168 at 03:00 AM UTC | 27.31 |
| 4220 | December 2, 2168 at 03:00 AM UTC | December 29, 2168 at 10:48 AM UTC | 27.32 |
| 4221 | December 29, 2168 at 10:48 AM UTC | January 25, 2169 at 06:54 PM UTC | 27.34 |
| 4222 | January 25, 2169 at 06:54 PM UTC | February 22, 2169 at 03:04 AM UTC | 27.34 |
| 4223 | February 22, 2169 at 03:04 AM UTC | March 21, 2169 at 10:50 AM UTC | 27.32 |
| 4224 | March 21, 2169 at 10:50 AM UTC | April 17, 2169 at 05:45 PM UTC | 27.29 |
| 4225 | April 17, 2169 at 05:45 PM UTC | May 14, 2169 at 11:36 PM UTC | 27.24 |
| 4226 | May 14, 2169 at 11:36 PM UTC | June 11, 2169 at 04:36 AM UTC | 27.21 |
| 4227 | June 11, 2169 at 04:36 AM UTC | July 8, 2169 at 09:20 AM UTC | 27.20 |
| 4228 | July 8, 2169 at 09:20 AM UTC | August 4, 2169 at 02:21 PM UTC | 27.21 |
| 4229 | August 4, 2169 at 02:21 PM UTC | August 31, 2169 at 08:01 PM UTC | 27.24 |
About this tool
A Carrington rotation is the time the Sun takes to turn once on its axis as seen from the Earth: 27.2753 days on average. The count was defined by the English astronomer Richard Carrington, who studied sunspots in the 1850s; rotation 1 began on 9 November 1853, and the numbering has run without interruption since.
Explorer computes the start of each rotation with the formula given by Jean Meeus in Astronomical Algorithms (chapter 29), implemented in its own astronomy library and checked against published dates. A rotation begins when the Carrington longitude L₀ of the central meridian passes through 0°; because the Earth moves along its orbit, the synodic period varies slightly around the mean, hence lengths of 27.2 to 27.3 days.
Observers use the rotation number as a calendar for the Sun: an active region that crosses the disc reappears about one rotation later, and the community activity heatmap shows one row per rotation so that returning regions line up. Enter a date to find its rotation, or a number to get the UTC start and end dates and the neighbouring rotations.