Carrington rotations
Convert a date to its Carrington rotation number and back, and browse rotation start and end times.
CR 134
| Start | October 16, 1863 at 11:36 AM UTC |
|---|---|
| End | November 12, 1863 at 06:48 PM UTC |
| Length (days) | 27.30 |
Neighbouring rotations
| CR | Start | End | Length (days) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 129 | June 2, 1863 at 07:19 AM UTC | June 29, 1863 at 12:03 PM UTC | 27.20 |
| 130 | June 29, 1863 at 12:03 PM UTC | July 26, 1863 at 05:00 PM UTC | 27.21 |
| 131 | July 26, 1863 at 05:00 PM UTC | August 22, 1863 at 10:33 PM UTC | 27.23 |
| 132 | August 22, 1863 at 10:33 PM UTC | September 19, 1863 at 04:48 AM UTC | 27.26 |
| 133 | September 19, 1863 at 04:48 AM UTC | October 16, 1863 at 11:36 AM UTC | 27.28 |
| 134 | October 16, 1863 at 11:36 AM UTC | November 12, 1863 at 06:48 PM UTC | 27.30 |
| 135 | November 12, 1863 at 06:48 PM UTC | December 10, 1863 at 02:23 AM UTC | 27.32 |
| 136 | December 10, 1863 at 02:23 AM UTC | January 6, 1864 at 10:20 AM UTC | 27.33 |
| 137 | January 6, 1864 at 10:20 AM UTC | February 2, 1864 at 06:31 PM UTC | 27.34 |
| 138 | February 2, 1864 at 06:31 PM UTC | March 1, 1864 at 02:34 AM UTC | 27.34 |
| 139 | March 1, 1864 at 02:34 AM UTC | March 28, 1864 at 10:00 AM UTC | 27.31 |
About this tool
A Carrington rotation is the time the Sun takes to turn once on its axis as seen from the Earth: 27.2753 days on average. The count was defined by the English astronomer Richard Carrington, who studied sunspots in the 1850s; rotation 1 began on 9 November 1853, and the numbering has run without interruption since.
Explorer computes the start of each rotation with the formula given by Jean Meeus in Astronomical Algorithms (chapter 29), implemented in its own astronomy library and checked against published dates. A rotation begins when the Carrington longitude L₀ of the central meridian passes through 0°; because the Earth moves along its orbit, the synodic period varies slightly around the mean, hence lengths of 27.2 to 27.3 days.
Observers use the rotation number as a calendar for the Sun: an active region that crosses the disc reappears about one rotation later, and the community activity heatmap shows one row per rotation so that returning regions line up. Enter a date to find its rotation, or a number to get the UTC start and end dates and the neighbouring rotations.