Carrington rotations
Convert a date to its Carrington rotation number and back, and browse rotation start and end times.
CR 1215
| Start | July 8, 1944 at 02:35 AM UTC |
|---|---|
| End | August 4, 1944 at 07:40 AM UTC |
| Length (days) | 27.21 |
Neighbouring rotations
| CR | Start | End | Length (days) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1210 | February 22, 1944 at 08:41 PM UTC | March 21, 1944 at 04:23 AM UTC | 27.32 |
| 1211 | March 21, 1944 at 04:23 AM UTC | April 17, 1944 at 11:10 AM UTC | 27.28 |
| 1212 | April 17, 1944 at 11:10 AM UTC | May 14, 1944 at 04:54 PM UTC | 27.24 |
| 1213 | May 14, 1944 at 04:54 PM UTC | June 10, 1944 at 09:51 PM UTC | 27.21 |
| 1214 | June 10, 1944 at 09:51 PM UTC | July 8, 1944 at 02:35 AM UTC | 27.20 |
| 1215 | July 8, 1944 at 02:35 AM UTC | August 4, 1944 at 07:40 AM UTC | 27.21 |
| 1216 | August 4, 1944 at 07:40 AM UTC | August 31, 1944 at 01:25 PM UTC | 27.24 |
| 1217 | August 31, 1944 at 01:25 PM UTC | September 27, 1944 at 07:50 PM UTC | 27.27 |
| 1218 | September 27, 1944 at 07:50 PM UTC | October 25, 1944 at 02:46 AM UTC | 27.29 |
| 1219 | October 25, 1944 at 02:46 AM UTC | November 21, 1944 at 10:04 AM UTC | 27.30 |
| 1220 | November 21, 1944 at 10:04 AM UTC | December 18, 1944 at 05:45 PM UTC | 27.32 |
About this tool
A Carrington rotation is the time the Sun takes to turn once on its axis as seen from the Earth: 27.2753 days on average. The count was defined by the English astronomer Richard Carrington, who studied sunspots in the 1850s; rotation 1 began on 9 November 1853, and the numbering has run without interruption since.
Explorer computes the start of each rotation with the formula given by Jean Meeus in Astronomical Algorithms (chapter 29), implemented in its own astronomy library and checked against published dates. A rotation begins when the Carrington longitude L₀ of the central meridian passes through 0°; because the Earth moves along its orbit, the synodic period varies slightly around the mean, hence lengths of 27.2 to 27.3 days.
Observers use the rotation number as a calendar for the Sun: an active region that crosses the disc reappears about one rotation later, and the community activity heatmap shows one row per rotation so that returning regions line up. Enter a date to find its rotation, or a number to get the UTC start and end dates and the neighbouring rotations.